Editorial 115
Spotlight on Three Rs Progress 117
Resources Round-up 120
Comments
Upholding the EU’s Commitment to ‘Animal Testing as a Last Resort’ Under REACH Requires a Paradigm Shift in How We Assess Chemical Safety to Close the Gap Between Regulatory Testing and Modern Safety Science 122
Julia Fentem, Ian Malcomber, Gavin Maxwell and Carl Westmoreland
The Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Fast and Effective Identification of Three Rs-based Literature 133
Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga and Wynand Alkema
Research Articles
Ex Vivo Human Skin: An Alternative Test System for Skin Irritation and Corrosion Assays 137
Samara Eberlin, Gustavo Facchini, Gustavo Henrique da Silva, Samir Eberlin, Aline Rodrigues Bragatto,
Ana Lucia Tabarini Alves Pinheiro and Adriano da Silva Pinheiro ´
The Development and Evaluation of Brain and Heart Cell Lines from a Marine Fish for Use in
Xenobiotic-Induced Cytotoxicity Testing 147
Anaguiven Avalos-Soriano, Alejandra Garc´ıa-Gasca, and Beatriz Yañez-Rivera
Conference Diary 157