Editorial 177
Spotlight on Three Rs Progress 179
Resources Round-up 182
50th Anniversary Article
The Use of Simulators for Teaching Practical Clinical Skills to Veterinary Students — A Review 184
Helen R. Braid
Research Articles
A Low-fidelity Simulator for the Development of Vascular Ligation Skills 195
Juan Jose Perez-Rivero, Ileana Mar ´ ´ıa Barbosa-Callejas, Lilia Delgado-Garduño, Lidia Rodr´ıguez-Buitrón, Amira Eunice Lavalle-Avalos and Jose Antonio Herrera-Barragan ´
Evaluation of a Low-cost Renal Simulator for the Diagnostic Ultrasound Training of Veterinary Medicine
Students 201
Angel R. Lozada-Gallegos, Irma Campero-Ru´ız Velasco and Juan J. Perez-Rivero ´
The Use of 3-D Models of Echocardiographic Imaging Planes for Teaching Echocardiography Techniques for Use in Dogs and Cats 208
Bruna N. da Costa, Marlos G. Sousa, Fernanda N. Tanji, Mariana Ulanin, Marcela Wolf and Simone T. O. Stedile
The Perceptions of Students and Lecturers on the Use of Animals in Biomedical Science Undergraduate
Education in Brazil 221
Paula S. Matos, Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues, Tha´ıs de Oliveira Fernandes, Renato Ivan de Avila and Marize C. Valadares ´
Educators’ Views on the Use of Dissection and Dissection Alternatives in American Biology Classrooms 235
Pamela Osenkowski, Ignas Karaliunas and Merari Diorio
Conference Diary 244